Android RuntimeĮach Android app is based on Android version 5.0 or higher, runs in its process and with its instance of the Android Runtime (ART). So, when we make a call to access the hardware device using the Java API, Android system load the library module for the component of hardware. The Android HAL contains the multiple library modules for a specific type of hardware components, such as the camera and the Bluetooth module. The hardware abstraction layer (HAL) helps the Android/Application framework to communicate with the hardware-specific device drivers with the higher-level of java API. The Android Runtime (ART) depends on the Linux Kernel for all the functionalities such as low-level memory management and threading. Linux kernel provides the multitasking execution environment, which allows the multiple processes to execute concurrently. The android operating system is a Linux-based stack of software components which can be divided into five sections, as shown in the below diagram. The native Android apps can be developed using Android Studio or Eclipse using Java as a programming language. Android provides the rich application framework that allows us to build innovative apps and games for mobile devices in the Java Environment. Android was initially developed by Android incorporation and purchased by Google. Android developmentĪndroid is an open-source operating system which is based on Linux Kernel.

Before proceeding further, we will focus on Android architecture and development tools with Java. Xamarin.Android provides the same UI controls as we have in Android with Java. Xamarin.Android is a part of the Xamarin family to build the native android app using C# and Xamarin.

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